Hybrid Threats
The legacy of Finlandization extends far beyond most people’s understanding and can be useful in combating Russia.
Hybrid threats blur the line between war and peace. Rivals sabotage undersea cables and stage airspace incursions. They launch cyberattacks, meddle in elections, and spread disinformation. They also run espionage networks and carry out assassinations on Western soil. These moves pressure open societies but stay below the line of open war. This hub tracks the gray-zone warfare aimed at Europe and North America. Airspace incursions into NATO skies are a growing worry. Baltic Sea security has become a front line for undersea cables and pipelines. Critical infrastructure attacks target power, water, and transport. Espionage, sabotage, and assassinations extend the same playbook. Russian hybrid warfare fuses cyber, information, and economic tools. This hub follows Russian hybrid warfare and how the Kremlin probes Western nerve. Critical infrastructure attacks test how fast states can respond. Baltic Sea security and airspace incursions sit at the center of the alliance’s risks. Fellows and analysts show how governments can spot and deter gray-zone warfare, from espionage and sabotage to assassinations. Explore analysis and commentary on hybrid threats, from Baltic Sea security to the defense of daily life.
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June 24, 2026
Merkel, Ukraine, and the Long Tail of Finlandization
The legacy of Finlandization extends far beyond most people’s understanding and can be useful in combating Russia.
June 18, 2026
Silence and Fear: Life Under Russian Occupation
Evidence and stories from people living under Russian occupation in Ukraine tell of fear, intimidation, and silence.
June 17, 2026
Why Do Seized Russian Tankers Sail Away?
French, British, Swedish, and Finnish boarding parties have taken control of shadow fleet vessels, with most freed shortly afterwards.
June 11, 2026
West Needs ‘Escalation Ladder’ for Putin’s Shadow War
NATO’s fragmented responses to Russia’s “accidental” border incursions are enabling Moscow’s shadow war.
June 1, 2026
Russia’s Influence Game: Church, State, and Espionage
The Kremlin’s efforts to show it’s an accepted member of the global community require enormous work by every arm of the regime.
May 29, 2026
Letter to London: New PM Must Fix Shadow Defenses
The UK is likely to have a new leader later this year. Here’s some day one advice from former British government official, Andy Pryce.
May 12, 2026
Sanctions Press Briefing
CEPA experts discuss sanctions against Russia and what needs to be done to ensure their effectiveness, noting enforcement and adaptation.
April 29, 2026
Blurred Borders: NATO Needs Answers to Hybrid Attacks
An exercise testing NATO responses to hybrid attacks revealed a need for the West to be more nimble, and willing to mimic enemy tactics to defend itself.
April 22, 2026
Deterring Russia’s Shadow War Press Briefing
CEPA experts discuss what the West needs to do to combat Russian shadow warfare, focusing on coordination and public-private partnership.